MSI MS-9282 Dokumentacja Pobierz pdf (Strona 10)

Award BIOS setup utility on a
standard PC
Some operating systems, for example MS-DOS, rely on the BIOS to carry out most input/output tasks
within the PC.
[14]
Because the BIOS still runs in 16-bit real mode, calling BIOS services directly is inefficient for
protected-mode operating systems. BIOS services are not used by modern multitasking GUI operating
systems after they initially load, so the importance of the primary part of BIOS is greatly reduced from
what it was initially.
Later BIOS implementations took on more complex functions, by including interfaces such as
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI); these functions include power management, hot
swapping, and thermal management. At the same time, since 2010 BIOS technology is in a transitional
process toward the UEFI.
[4]
Configuration
Setup utility
Historically, the BIOS in the IBM PC and XT had no built-in user interface. The BIOS versions in
earlier PCs (XT-class) were not software configurable; instead, users set the options via DIP switches
on the motherboard. Later computers, including all IBM-compatibles with 80286 CPUs, had a battery-
backed nonvolatile BIOS memory (CMOS RAM chip) that held BIOS settings.
[15]
 These settings, such
as video-adapter type, memory size, and hard-disk parameters, could only be configured by running a
configuration program from a disk, not built into the ROM. A special "reference diskette" was inserted
in an IBM AT to configure settings such as memory size.
Early BIOS versions did not have passwords or boot-device selection options. The BIOS was hard-
coded to boot from the first floppy drive, or, if that failed, the first hard disk. Access control in early
AT-class machines was by a physical keylock switch (which was not hard to defeat if the computer
case could be opened). Anyone who could switch on the computer could boot it.
Later, 386-class computers started integrating the BIOS setup utility in the ROM itself, alongside the
BIOS code; these computers usually boot into the BIOS setup utility if a certain key or key
combination is pressed, otherwise the BIOS POST and boot process are executed.
A modern BIOS setup utility has a menu-based user interface
(UI) accessed by pressing a certain key on the keyboard when
the PC starts. Usually the key is advertised for short time
during the early startup, for example "Press F1 to enter CMOS
setup". The actual key depends on specific hardware. In the
BIOS setup utility, a user can usually:
Configure hardware
Set the system clock
Enable or disable system components
Select which devices are potential boot devices, and in
what order they will be tried
Set various passwords, such as a password for securing access to the BIOS user interface
functions itself and preventing malicious users from booting the system from unauthorized
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